Volume: 54 Issue: 3
Year: 2023, Page: 39-45, Doi: https://doi.org/10.61649/kujos/v54i3.anitha
Received: Sept. 20, 2022 Accepted: Feb. 22, 2023 Published: Nov. 9, 2023
Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E.Fr. is a perennial undershrub of Malvaceae, with a native range from Mexico to tropical America and is naturalized in Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The current investigation was carried out to analyse the presence of medicinally useful bioactive constituents of Wissadula contracta leaf extract using selected physicochemical parameters, preliminary qualitative analysis and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy. From the results, it is evident that the aqueous and ethanol extracts have high soluble extractive values, indicating the richness of secondary metabolites. A foaming index of 1000 specifies saponin content, and the swelling index of 38 was due to significant mucilage in the crude sample. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of all secondary metabolites tested namely, phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, fixed oil and fats, triterpenoids, and steroids except alkaloids. Additionally, the extensive profile of twenty-eight phytoconstituents in the sequential methanol extract was revealed by the GC-MS analysis, supporting the therapeutic potential of Wissadula contracta.
Keywords: Physicochemical parameters, Phytochemical screening, GCMS, Wissadula contracta, Therapeutic value
PubChem Compound Summary for CID. 2022;73170.
Kolar MJ, Konduri S, Chang T, Wang H, Mcnerlin C, Ohlsson L, et al. Linoleic acid esters of hydroxy linoleic acids are anti-inflammatory lipids found in plants and mammals. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2019;294(27):10698–10707. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.006956
Sevcíková Z, Pour M, Novák D, Vacek J. Chemical properties and biological activities of cyclopentenediones: a review. . Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2014;14(4):322–331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557514666140306130207
Jaiganesh S, Anand S, Sangeetha KN, Shilpa K. Biological evaluation of (3β)-STIGMAST-5-EN-3-OL as potent anti-diabetic agent in regulating glucose transport using in vitro model. International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus. 2010;2(2):101–109. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdm.2009.12.013
Dr.
El-Demerdash E. Anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of methyl palmitate. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2011;254(3):238–244. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.016
Bhardwaj M, Sali VK, Mani S&HR, Vasanthi HR. Neophytadiene from Turbinaria ornata Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Sprague Dawley Rats. Inflammation. 2020;43(3):937–950. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01179-z
Silva ATM, Pereira VV, Almeida LTGD, Ruiz ALTG, Carvalho JED, Dias DF, et al. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Borneol Esters. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Borneol Esters. 2016;8(3):1020–1031. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1984-6835.20160073
Bowers WS, Thompson MJ, Uebel EC. Juvenile and gonadotropic hormone activity of 10,11-epoxyfarnesenic acid methyl ester. Life Sciences. 1965;4(23):2323–2331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(65)90256-0
2022.
Dhanjal DS, Bhardwaj S, Chopra C, Singh R, Patocka J, Plucar B, et al. Millennium Nutrient N,N-Dimethylglycine (DMG) and its Effectiveness in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2022;29(15):2632–2651. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867328666211125091811
Kunnur BS, Kotresha K, Annigeri GB. On the collection of Wissadula contracta (Malvaceae) from Karnataka. India. Rheedea. 2009;12(1&@):67–68. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2009.19.01.17
Master MT, M. Hooker JD., ed. Flora of British India. (Vol. 1, pp. 317-353) 1874.
Paul TK, Nayar MP, Malvaceae. Nayar MP, Thothathri K, Sanjappa M., eds. Fascicles of Flora of India. Fascicle 19 Botanical Survey of India. (pp. 64-233) 1988.
Bovini MG, Baumgratz JFA. Taxonomic revision of Wissadula (Malvoideae, Malvaceae) in Brazil. Phytotaxa. 2016;243(3):201. Available from: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.1
Hasan MN, Azam NK, Ahmed MN, Hirashima A. A randomized ethnomedicinal survey of snakebite treatment in southwestern parts of Bangladesh. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 2016;6(4):337–342. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.03.007
Teles YC, Horta CC, De FM, Agra W, Siheri M, Boyd JO, et al. New Sulphated Flavonoids from Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) C. Presl (Malvaceae). . Molecules. 2016;20(11):20161–20172. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmolecules201119685
Dinda B, Das N, Dinda S, Dinda M, Silsarma I. The genus Sida L. – A traditional medicine: Its ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological data for commercial exploitation in herbal drugs industry. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2015;176(176):135–176. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.027
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods; A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. (pp. 182-189) London. Chapman & Hall. 1973.
Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India, 1 (1). (Vol. 3, pp. 233-251) 2001.
Patwekar SL, Suryawansi AB, Gaikwad MS, Pedewad SR, Potulwar AP. Standardization of herbal drugs: an overview. Pharma Innov J. 2015;4(9):100–104.
Kokate CK. Practical pharmacognosy. (p. 111) Vallabh Prakashan. 2005.
World Health Organization. Quality control methods for medicinal plants. 2002.
Hites RA. Development of Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2016;88(14):6955–6961. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01628
Ankad GM, Pai PR, Upadhyaya V, Hurkadale PJ, Hegde V. Pharmacognostic evaluation of Achyranthes coynei: Leaf. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2015;2(1):25–31. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbas.2014.12.002
Pallavi S, Arti T, Pravin P, Shubhra S, Vineeta I, Ashal M, et al. Saponins: Extraction, bio-medicinal properties and way forward to anti-viral representatives. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2021;150(112075). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112075
Tagousop CN, Tamokou JDD, Kengne IC, Ngnokam D, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L. Antimicrobial activities of saponins from Melanthera elliptica and their synergistic effects with antibiotics against pathogenic phenotypes. Chemistry Central Journal. 2018;12(1):97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-018-0466-6
Osbourn A, Goss RJM, Field RA. The saponins – polar isoprenoids with important and diverse biological activities. Natural Product Reports. 2011;28(7):1261.
Morton JF. Mucilaginous plants and their uses in medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1990;29(3):245–266. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(90)90036-S
Heydarirad G, Choopani R, Mehdi P, Jafari JM. Mucilage Used in Traditional Persian Medicine Practice. Iranian journal of medical sciences. 2016;41(3 supp):S41. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc5103549/
Haile TG, Sibhat GG, Molla F. Physicochemical Characterization of Grewia ferruginea Hochst. ex A. Rich Mucilage for Potential Use as a Pharmaceutical Excipient. BioMed Research International. 2020;2020(4094350):1–10. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4094350
Negi JS, Singh P, Rawat B. Chemical Constituents and Biological Importance of Swertia: A Review. Current Research in Chemistry. 2010;3(1):1–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3923/crc.2011.1.15
Rachael MK, Rajiv P, Dhanasekaran S. Screening for phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Tridax procumbens. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020;11(4):5787–5790. Available from: https://ijrps.com/index.php/home/article/view/1214
Carvalho APAd, Conte-Junior CA. Health benefits of phytochemicals from Brazilian native foods and plants: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and risk factors of metabolic/endocrine disorders control. Food Science & Technology. 2021;111:534–548. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.006
Benavente-García O, Castillo J, Marin FR, Ortuño A, Río JAD. Uses and properties of citrus flavonoids. J Agric Food Chem. 1997;45(12):4505–4515. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970373s
Rabi T, Bishayee A. Terpenoids and breast cancer chemoprevention. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2009;115(2):223–239. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-008-0118-y
Wagner KH, Elmadfa I. Biological relevance of terpenoids: Overview focusing on mono-di and tetraterpenes. Ann Nutr Metab. 2003;47(3-4):95–96. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1159/000070030
Lokesh R, Manasvi V, Praveena LB. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Saponin from Abutilon indicum Leaves. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2016;9:344–347.
Kovács A, Vasas A, Hohmann J. Natural phenanthrenes and their biological activity. Phytochemistry. 2008;69(5):1084–1100. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.12.005
Kwofie A, Gupta M. Phenanthrene: A versatile molecule; A review. 2021;21:368–378.
Ostrowska K. Coumarin-piperazine derivatives as biologically active compounds. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2020;28(2):220–232. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.11.025
Malla R, Kumari S, Deepak KGKMM, Gavara S, Gugalavath P, Rokkam. Terpenoids as Potential Targeted Therapeutics of Pancreatic Cancer: Current Advances and Future Directions. Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemotherapy. 2019;5:111–116. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817661-0.00007-X
Gerhäuser C, Klimo K, Hümmer W, Hölzer J, Petermann A, Garreta-Rufas A, et al. Identification of 3-hydroxy-beta-damascone and related carotenoid-derived aroma compounds as novel potent inducers of Nrf2-mediated phase 2 response with concomitant anti-inflammatory activity. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2009;53(10):1237–1244. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200800492
Anitha Puranik, Tarikere C Taranath. Physicochemical and Phytochemical Assay of Rediscovered Wissadula contracta (Link) R. E. Fries from Karnataka, India. Karnatak University Journal of Science 54(3), (2023), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.61649/kujos/v54i3.anitha