Karnatak University Journal of Science

Volume: 55 Issue: 1

  • Open Access
  • Review Article

A Global Mercury Contamination and its Potential Hazards: A Review

M P Sampada1, M David1,∗

1 Environmental Biology and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580 003, India

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

 

Year: 2024, Page: 1-16, Doi: https://doi.org/10.61649/kujos/v55i1.23.10

Received: Oct. 18, 2023 Accepted: March 27, 2024 Published: March 29, 2024

Abstract

Due to the ever increasing population, rapid industrialization and urbanization, the toxic effects of heavy metals has become a major concern in the globe. Mercury is one of the heavy metals that cause multiple adverse effects to the living systems. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) included it on its list of 10 substances of concern. It is one of the best confounding metals in the environment. Unlike many metals, it is not biologically active. Because of natural processes like mining, erosion, and volcanism, it is a scarce element in the Earth's crust. Although all mercury compounds are hazardous to people and animals, the most toxic forms are the organic ones, particularly methyl and dimethyl mercury. Due to anthropogenic activities and natural processes mercury is released into the atmosphere and due to its long half-life period, the rate of environmental breakdown is low. It exists in the form of element (Hg0) and divalent (Hg2) forms, based on the degree of oxidation in the environment. Due to its devastating toxic effects on organisms, it is currently recognised as one of the strongest neurotoxins. Due to its strong negative impact on the immune system, it is linked to persistent candidiasis growths, anaemia, memory loss, tremors, depression, tiredness, insomnia, headaches. Mercury is known to cause five categories of pathophysiological disorders i.e., immune system disorders, collagen diseases, neurological illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. This review provides an overview of the sources of mercury, the cumulative effects of mercury on different ecosystems, and phytoremediation for environmental restoration. It gives detailed information about the dangers of mercury exposure and its environmental sources, to make awareness about the mercury usage in different means of day to day life.

Keywords: Mercury, Methylation, Minamata disease, Alzheimer's disease

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M P Sampada, M David. A Global Mercury Contamination and its Potential Hazards: A Review. Karnatak University Journal of Science 55(1), (2024), 1–16

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A Global Mercury Contamination and its Potential Hazards: A Review

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